Marking of heating and hot water pipelines in etc. Numbering of shut-off valves on the scheme of the heating point. Crimping requirements and typical errors. Designation of the type of substance on the arrows

When carrying out construction and installation and other special works, a special place is occupied by the laying of main steel pipelines.

All communications are divided into 10 main groups in relation to the substances they transport, and therefore it became necessary to identify and mark linear routes.

Marking in Russia has passed the stage of standardization, requiring the mandatory use of GOSTs. Failure to comply with the rules is prosecuted by law, and also threatens the population with accidents, injuries, disruption of the production cycle, man-made disasters.

Pipelines are marked with the appropriate color, numbers, warning signs, special shields, which allows even an inexperienced specialist to determine the content and degree of risk of linear systems.

Color marking of pipelines corresponds to GOST 14202-69. According to this rule:

• green color corresponds to group 1, transports water;
• red color corresponds to group 2, transports steam;
• blue color corresponds to group 3, transports air;
• yellow color corresponds to 4-5 groups, transports combustible and non-combustible gases;
• orange color corresponds to group 6, transports acids;
• purple color corresponds to group 7, transports alkalis;
• brown color corresponds to 8-9 groups, transports flammable and non-flammable liquids;
• gray color corresponds to group 0, transports other substances.

Important! Fire protection systems, regardless of the internal component, are always painted signal red. If necessary, they additionally use other means of notation.

Requirements for dyes

The coloring with which decals are applied must be resistant to chemicals and weather conditions, since marking of communications is necessary both in the industrial sector and in residential complexes. GOST 14202-69 does not apply to electrically conductive networks.

There are several ways to apply paint to systems.

The continuous painting method is applied if the pipeline is short and consists of a small number of connections.

With a large number of components of wired networks, long kilometers, and also if the architecture of the building does not imply large areas of coloring, coloring is used in separate fragments. The rest of the pipeline is tinted to match the color of the walls, ceiling, floor, etc. In the case when communications are located outside buildings and structures, the color should reduce the thermal effect on the pipes.

The size of the coating also depends on the outer diameter of the pipes. In the event that the diameter is large, the color designation is applied in the form of stripes with a height of at least 1/4 of the pipe circumference.

According to GOST, the paint is applied to the most important and critical areas, for example, at the joints and passage of pipes through walls, ceilings, floors, etc., at flanges, at points of selection and control, in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bentrance and exit to the room and from it after 10 -meter sections inside the building and after 30-60 m outside.

Important! On pipelines with increased pressure, connecting flanges are subject to painting, since the linear systems themselves are in protective casings.

Marking communications with various devices

In the event that the contents of communications are particularly aggressive, warning rings are applied to them in one of three colors: red corresponds to flammability, flammability and explosiveness; yellow color - dangers and harmfulness (toxicity, radioactivity, the ability to cause various types of burns, etc.); the green color with a white border corresponds to the safety of the internal content. The width of the rings, the distance between them, the application methods are standardized by GOST 14202-69.

Network marking is possible with the help of stickers. In the event that the sticker contains text, it is made in a clearly distinguishable font, without unnecessary symbols, words, abbreviations, in the maximum accessible syllable. Fonts comply with GOST 10807-78.

Stickers are also made in the form of arrows showing the direction of the flow of the substance inside the pipe. The arrows are also standardized in terms of size. The designation on the arrows is differentiated: “flammable substances”, “explosive and fire hazardous”, “poisonous substances”, “corrosive substances”, “radioactive substances”, “attention - danger!”, “flammable - oxidizer”, “allergic substances ". The color of the arrows, as well as the inscriptions, is applied in black or white, in order to achieve the greatest contrast with respect to the main coating of the pipe.

With a particularly dangerous communication component, stickers are made in the form of warning signs (in addition to color rings). The signs are triangular in shape with a black image on a yellow background.

Important! In plumbing systems with hot water and in the case of transporting leaded gasoline, the inscriptions must be white.

If the contents of the pipeline can damage the color designation, change its shade, special shields are used as additional markings, which are informative in nature, numerical and alphabetic. The requirements for the graphics of the shields are identical to those of the stickers. Dimensional characteristics of the shields correspond to the characteristics of the arrows. Labeling boards should be located in clearly visible places, if necessary, illuminated by artificial lighting without interference for viewing by maintenance personnel.

Types of coatings

To cover linear systems, a paintwork material is used that corresponds to GOST and depends on the internal component, the physico-chemical composition of the pipes, their insulating characteristics, and also on the cost of the paint.

In rooms where there is no aggressive environment, good ventilation has been established, it is possible to use enamels in accordance with technical documentation.

When carrying out construction and installation and other special works, a special place is occupied by the laying of main steel pipelines.

All communications are divided into 10 main groups in relation to the substances they transport, and therefore it became necessary to identify and mark linear routes.

Marking in Russia has passed the stage of standardization, requiring the mandatory use of GOSTs. Failure to comply with the rules is prosecuted by law, and also threatens the population with accidents, injuries, disruption of the production cycle, man-made disasters.

Color marking of pipelines

Pipelines are marked with the appropriate color, numbers, warning signs, special shields, which allows even an inexperienced specialist to determine the content and degree of risk of linear systems.

Color gradation when marking pipelines

Color marking of pipelines corresponds to GOST 14202-69. According to this rule:

• green color corresponds to group 1, transports water;
• red color corresponds to group 2, transports steam;
• blue color corresponds to group 3, transports air;
• yellow color corresponds to 4-5 groups, transports combustible and non-combustible gases;
• orange color corresponds to group 6, transports acids;
• purple color corresponds to group 7, transports alkalis;
• brown color corresponds to 8-9 groups, transports flammable and non-flammable liquids;
• gray color corresponds to group 0, transports other substances.

Important! Fire protection systems, regardless of the internal component, are always painted signal red. If necessary, they additionally use other means of notation.

Requirements for dyes

Marking of pipelines taking into account all characteristics

The coloring with which decals are applied must be resistant to chemicals and weather conditions, since marking of communications is necessary both in the industrial sector and in residential complexes. GOST 14202-69 does not apply to electrically conductive networks.

There are several ways to apply paint to systems.

The continuous painting method is applied if the pipeline is short and consists of a small number of connections.

With a large number of components of wired networks, long kilometers, and also if the architecture of the building does not imply large areas of coloring, coloring is used in separate fragments. The rest of the pipeline is tinted to match the color of the walls, ceiling, floor, etc. In the case when communications are located outside buildings and structures, the color should reduce the thermal effect on the pipes.

The size of the coating also depends on the outer diameter of the pipes. In the event that the diameter is large, the color designation is applied in the form of stripes with a height of at least 1/4 of the pipe circumference.

According to GOST, the paint is applied to the most important and critical areas, for example, at the joints and passage of pipes through walls, ceilings, floors, etc., at flanges, at points of selection and control, in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bentrance and exit to the room and from it after 10 -meter sections inside the building and after 30-60 m outside.

All pipeline marking data in the table

Important! On pipelines with increased pressure, connecting flanges are subject to painting, since the linear systems themselves are in protective casings.

Marking communications with various devices

In the event that the contents of communications are particularly aggressive, warning rings are applied to them in one of three colors: red corresponds to flammability, flammability and explosiveness; yellow color - dangers and harmfulness (toxicity, radioactivity, the ability to cause various types of burns, etc.); the green color with a white border corresponds to the safety of the internal content. The width of the rings, the distance between them, the application methods are standardized by GOST 14202-69.

Network marking is possible with the help of stickers. In the event that the sticker contains text, it is made in a clearly distinguishable font, without unnecessary symbols, words, abbreviations, in the maximum accessible syllable. Fonts comply with GOST 10807-78.

Stickers are also made in the form of arrows showing the direction of the flow of the substance inside the pipe. The arrows are also standardized in terms of size. The designation on the arrows is differentiated: “flammable substances”, “explosive and fire hazardous”, “poisonous substances”, “corrosive substances”, “radioactive substances”, “attention - danger!”, “flammable - oxidizer”, “allergic substances ". The color of the arrows, as well as the inscriptions, is applied in black or white, in order to achieve the greatest contrast with respect to the main coating of the pipe.

With a particularly dangerous communication component, stickers are made in the form of warning signs (in addition to color rings). The signs are triangular in shape with a black image on a yellow background.

Important! In plumbing systems with hot water and in the case of transporting leaded gasoline, the inscriptions must be white.

If the contents of the pipeline can damage the color designation, change its shade, special shields are used as additional markings, which are informative in nature, numerical and alphabetic. The requirements for the graphics of the shields are identical to those of the stickers. Dimensional characteristics of the shields correspond to the characteristics of the arrows. Labeling boards should be located in clearly visible places, if necessary, illuminated by artificial lighting without interference for viewing by maintenance personnel.

Types of coatings

To cover linear systems, a paintwork material is used that corresponds to GOST and depends on the internal component, the physico-chemical composition of the pipes, their insulating characteristics, and also on the cost of the paint.

In rooms where there is no aggressive environment, good ventilation has been established, it is possible to use enamels in accordance with technical documentation.

Marking must be carried out strictly in accordance with safety regulations in order to avoid accidents and injury hazards.

Periodically, all marking products are subject to renewal to restore the original color.

High-quality and timely marking of main pipelines is not only safe, but economically beneficial due to the absence of accidents at the serviced facilities. And the use of GOSTs will also protect the enterprise from criminal or administrative liability.

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A brief overview of the regulatory documentation for marking pipelines at heat supply facilities

VII. Painting and inscriptions on pipelines

7.1. Depending on the purpose of the pipeline and the parameters of the medium, the surface of the pipeline must be painted in the appropriate color and have markings.

Coloring, symbols, letter sizes and location of inscriptions must comply with state standards.

7.2. Pipelines shall be marked with the following inscriptions:

a) on main lines - the number of the main line (in Roman numerals) and an arrow indicating the direction of movement of the working medium. If in normal mode it is possible to move it in both directions, two arrows are given, directed in both directions;

b) on branches near the mains - the line number (in Roman numerals), unit numbers (in Arabic numerals) and arrows indicating the direction of movement of the working medium;

c) on branches from the mains near the units - the number of the main (Roman numeral) and arrows indicating the direction of movement of the working medium.

7.3. The number of inscriptions on the same pipeline is not standardized. The inscriptions must be visible from the control points of valves, gate valves, etc. In places where pipelines exit and enter another room, inscriptions are required.

7.4. When covering the surface of the pipeline insulation with metal sheathing (sheets of aluminum, galvanized iron and other corrosion-resistant metals), the sheathing along the entire length may not be painted. In this case, depending on the transported medium, appropriate symbols must be applied.

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Identification painting of pipelines

Protective painting of pipelines is the main way to prevent corrosion and aggressive environmental influences on the pipe material. The main task of protective painting is to prevent contact of the pipeline with the environment in the entire range of operating parameters of the pipeline.

A completely different, but no less important function is performed by an obligatory element of pipeline marking - identification coloring of pipelines. It is designed to quickly identify the substance transported through the pipeline and its degree of danger.

Regulatory documentation for identification painting of pipelines

Each industry has a number of regulatory documents that regulate the issues of identification painting of pipelines, however, all these documents either refer to or repeat the requirements of the main standard for identifying pipelines in the Russian Federation - GOST 14202.

Such unification of the marking makes it possible to unambiguously determine the contents of the pipeline at any facility - from a small modular boiler house to a nuclear power plant and an oil refinery.

Exceptions to which the requirements of GOST 14202 do not apply are pipelines with medical gases, ship and aviation pipelines.

Identification painting of pipelines provides for color identification depending on the transported medium, as well as the application of warning rings that determine the degree of danger of the contents of the pipeline.

There are ten enlarged groups of substances, each of which corresponds to a certain color (table 1):

Often identification and protective colors are combined - a coating of the color that characterizes the transported medium is applied to the pipeline.

However, in many cases this is not possible, for example:

• - the protective coating required under specific conditions has a color different from that required in accordance with GOST 14202;
• - a heat-insulating structure is mounted on the pipeline;
• - the pipeline already has a factory protective coating;
• - the pipeline is made of non-ferrous metal and its coloring is not required.

In these cases, the standard allows protective painting not along the entire length of the pipeline, but in sections.

With this method, the use of marking tapes of various colors is much more effective. They are easier and faster to apply to the pipeline, and the durability and presentability of such markings are much higher.

The width of the colored sections for pipelines with a diameter (including thermal insulation) up to 300 mm must be at least four diameters, and for pipelines with a diameter of more than 300 mm - at least two diameters. On pipelines of large diameters, it is allowed to apply the color in the form of strips with a height of at least ¼ of the pipeline circumference.

The intervals for applying the identification coloring of pipelines should be no more than 10 meters indoors, as well as on outdoor installations, and no more than 60 meters on external main pipelines.

Elements of identification coloring should be applied at the passage of pipelines through walls and ceilings, at the installation sites of stop valves, at the inputs and outputs in buildings and installations.

More details on the requirements for the identification coloring of pipelines can be found in GOST 14202.

If it is necessary to apply yellow rings to pipes with gas (yellow) or acids (orange), their readability will be difficult. For this case, GOST 14202 provides for the implementation of a black border on the warning rings with a width of at least 10 mm.

A similar requirement applies in the case of applying green rings to a pipeline with water (also green) - white borders with a width of at least 10 mm are applied along the edges of the rings.

To simplify the work of applying colored warning rings to pipelines, self-adhesive marking tapes, which, if necessary, can already contain borders of the required color, can be used.

However, even more effective is the use of tapes that simultaneously have a background color corresponding to the group of the transported substance and the necessary warning rings. In this case, the cost and speed of applying the identification coloring of pipelines is significantly reduced.

An example of marking pipelines with self-adhesive tapes

An obligatory element of identification coloring is the placement of schemes and posters in accessible places of the premises or site of the enterprise indicating the relevant requirements of GOST 14202.

To specify the substances transported through pipelines and their parameters, it is necessary to use markings or shields in accordance with the requirements of GOST 14202. The shields must contain the name of the substance, the direction of its movement, as well as the corresponding danger signs. The color, shape, size and font of the inscription must comply with the requirements of the aforementioned standard.

Familiarize yourself with the range of marking products for pipelines.

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Each industry has a number of regulatory documents regulating the issues of identification painting of pipelines, however, all these documents either refer to or repeat the requirements of the main standard for the identification of pipelines in the Russian Federation - GOST 14202. Such unification of the marking allows you to unambiguously determine the contents of the pipeline at any object - from a small modular boiler house to a nuclear power plant and an oil refinery. Exceptions to which the requirements of GOST 14202 do not apply are pipelines with medical gases, ship and aviation pipelines.

Basic requirements for identification painting of pipelines

Identification painting of pipelines provides for color identification depending on the transported medium, as well as the application of warning rings that determine the degree of danger of the contents of the pipeline. There are ten enlarged groups of substances, each of which corresponds to a certain color (table 1):

Often identification and protective colors are combined - a coating of the color that characterizes the transported medium is applied to the pipeline. However, in many cases this is not possible, for example:

• the protective coating required under specific conditions has a color different from that required in accordance with GOST 14202;
• a heat-insulating structure is mounted on the pipeline;
• the pipeline already has a factory protective coating;
• the pipeline is made of non-ferrous metal and its coloring is not required.

In these cases, the standard allows protective painting not along the entire length of the pipeline, but in sections. The width of the colored sections for pipelines with a diameter (including thermal insulation) up to 300 mm must be at least four diameters, and for pipelines with a diameter of more than 300 mm - at least two diameters. On pipelines of large diameters, it is allowed to apply the color in the form of strips with a height of at least 1/4 of the pipeline circumference. The intervals for applying the identification coloring of pipelines should be no more than 10 meters indoors, as well as on outdoor installations, and no more than 60 meters on external main pipelines. Elements of identification coloring should be applied at the passage of pipelines through walls and ceilings, at the installation sites of stop valves, at the inputs and outputs in buildings and installations. More details on the requirements for the identification coloring of pipelines can be found in GOST 14202.

It is also mandatory to apply warning rings that carry information about the degree of danger of the medium in the pipeline. The color and number of rings are shown in tables 2-3, and the application scheme is in drawing 1.

Now about the number of rings:

If it is necessary to apply yellow rings to pipes with gas (yellow) or acids (orange), their readability will be difficult. For this case, GOST 14202 provides for the implementation of a black border on the warning rings with a width of at least 10 mm. A similar requirement applies in the case of applying green rings to a pipeline with water (also green) - white borders with a width of at least 10 mm are applied along the edges of the rings.

Below are answers to the most common questions about marking pipelines for industrial and civil facilities.

What color should the pipelines be painted in the central heating station, ITP, boiler room?

According to GOST 14202, the marking of pipelines does not depend on the object, but depends on the substance in the pipeline.

Pipelines with the transported substance WATER are painted green, STEAM - red, AIR - blue, GAS - yellow, ACIDS - orange, ALKALINE - violet, LIQUIDS - brown, OTHER - gray.

How to mark pipelines in the central heating station, ITP, boiler room?

The most common substances in the pipelines of the central heating substation/ITP/boiler rooms are water, steam, and gas.

The pipeline with water should be painted green, with steam - red, with gas - yellow. Identification coloring is allowed to be applied in sections.

It is also necessary to indicate the name and direction of movement of the substance using or . Their color must be the same as that of the identification markings. The locations of the shields are regulated by regulatory documentation.

What color should the hot/cold water/coolant pipes be painted?

All pipelines transporting substances whose main component is water are painted green in accordance with.

How, according to regulatory documentation, to distinguish the color of the supply pipeline from the return pipeline in the central heating station, ITP, boiler room?

If you mark the pipelines in accordance with, then the supply and return pipelines are painted green (if the coolant is water).

To identify the supply and return pipelines, appropriate designations with the direction of movement and the inscription should be used, for example “HEATING CARRIER SUPPLY”

Is it correct to mark the coolant supply / return pipelines with yellow and brown rings on a green background?

The requirement to mark the supply pipeline of the heating network with a yellow ring on a green background, and the return pipeline - with a brown ring on a green background, is borrowed from the now inactive "Typical instructions for the operation, repair and control of stationary pipelines of network water RD 34.39.501, TI 34-70-042- 85" and was valid only for network water pipelines that are on the balance sheet of power plants.

The current regulatory documentation for marking pipelines with coolant refers exclusively to the requirements of GOST 14202.

How to mark gas pipelines correctly?

Pipelines transporting any gases are painted yellow in accordance with.

Specify the name of the gas and the direction of movement with or .

It is also necessary, depending on the parameters of the gas, to apply red or yellow warning rings (Table 3, ), and if the gas has a dangerous property (flammability, toxicity, oxidizing agent), then an appropriate hazard sign must be applied.

How to mark steam pipelines?

Steam pipelines must be painted red and put on a red shield with the name and direction of its movement.

If the pressure in the steam pipeline is more than 1 kgf / cm² and the temperature of St. 120C, a yellow warning ring must be applied over the paint. With an increase in steam parameters, the number of applied rings increases (see Table 3

GOST 14202-69 has the status of a valid document.

What materials should be used when marking pipelines in accordance with GOST 14202-69?

There are also no documents prohibiting marking with self-adhesive tapes and PVC-based markers.

Moreover, the use of self-adhesive materials is more expedient (generally accepted all over the world) - more convenient, faster, more accurate, allows you to more accurately comply with the important requirements of GOST for color, size, font and shape.

It is no coincidence that polypropylene pipelines are becoming increasingly popular with home craftsmen and professional installers. Polypropylene pipes have a number of advantages due to which they are gradually replacing products from traditional materials. The choice of plastic pipes today is simply huge and all products differ in their characteristics and purpose. To find out which of them are suitable for a heating system, cold or hot water supply, ventilation, decoding the marking of polypropylene pipes will help.

"Reading" information

• The name of the manufacturer usually comes first.
• Next comes the designation of the type of material from which the product is made: PPH, PPR, PPB.
• On pipe products, the working pressure must be indicated, which is indicated by two letters - PN, - and numbers - 10, 16, 20, 25.
• Several numbers indicate the diameter of the product and the wall thickness in millimeters.

• On domestic modifications, the class of operation in accordance with GOST may be indicated.
• The maximum allowed.

Additionally indicated:

1. Regulatory documents in accordance with which pipe products are manufactured, international regulations.
2. Quality mark.
3. Information about the technology by which the product is made, and the classification according to MRS (Minimum Long-Term Strength).
4. 15 digits containing information about the date of production, batch number, etc. (the last 2 are the year of manufacture).

And now let us dwell in more detail on the most important characteristics of polypropylene pipes indicated in the marking.

Material and scope

Manufacturers from different countries use slightly different designations, but the PP marking will definitely be present, demonstrating that the pipe is made of polypropylene. Additional letters or numbers indicate a specific type of this material that has its own properties.

1. PRN (PP-type 1, PP-1) - the pipe is made of a homopolymer. Due to the characteristics of this type of polypropylene, it is intended only for cold water, as well as for ventilation.
2. РРВ (РР-type 2, РР-2) – the product is made of a block copolymer. It can be used for cold water supply and in low-temperature types of heating systems.
3. PPR (PP-2, PPR, PP-random, PPRC) - the pipe is made from a random copolymer. Products with this marking are most common due to their versatility. Due to the increased heat resistance, they can be used in heating systems of any kind, as well as for supplying hot and cold water to apartments and houses.

Rated pressure

The letters PN are the designation of the permitted working pressure. The next figure indicates the level of internal pressure in bars that the product can withstand during a service life of 50 years at a water temperature of 20 degrees. This indicator directly depends on the wall thickness of the product.

• PN10. This designation has an inexpensive thin-walled pipe, the nominal pressure in which is 10 bar. The temperature maximum that it can withstand is 45 degrees. Such a product is used for pumping cold water and underfloor heating.

• PN16. Higher nominal pressure, higher limiting liquid temperature - 60 degrees Celsius. Such a pipe is significantly deformed under the influence of strong heat, therefore it is not suitable for use in heating systems and for supplying hot liquids. Its purpose is cold water supply.

• PN20. The polypropylene pipe of this brand can withstand a pressure of 20 bar and temperatures up to 75 degrees Celsius. It is quite versatile and is used to supply hot and cold water, but should not be used in a heating system, since it has a high coefficient of deformation under the influence of heat. At a temperature of 60 degrees, a segment of such a pipeline of 5 m is extended by almost 5 cm.

• PN25. This product has a fundamental difference from previous types, since it is either fiberglass. In terms of properties, the reinforced pipe is similar to metal-plastic products, is less susceptible to temperature effects, and can withstand 95 degrees. It is intended for use in systems of heating, and also in GVS.